risks of using dap incoterm dap條款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
dap incoterm is a term used to describe a buy-sell arrangement where goods are delivered to a specific location, also known as the “named place”.dap incoterm是一個(gè)用來(lái)描述商品被送達(dá)到一個(gè)特定地點(diǎn)的買(mǎi)賣(mài)安排，這個(gè)地點(diǎn)也被稱(chēng)為“指定地點(diǎn)”。
dap is an acronym for “delivered at place.” delivery methods vary depending on the type of goods being delivered and the geographic location of the named place. dap是“delivered at place”的縮寫(xiě)。交貨方式會(huì)根據(jù)商品類(lèi)型和指定地點(diǎn)的地理位置而變化。
in other words, dap is not a maritime-only term and can be used with all modes of transport. the dap term was introduced into the incoterms in 2010.換句話說(shuō)，dap不僅僅是海運(yùn)術(shù)語(yǔ)，它可以用于所有的運(yùn)輸方式。dap術(shù)語(yǔ)在2010年被引入incoterms。
transference of risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
in dap terms, risk passes from the seller to the buyer at the named place of destination. 在dap條款下，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在指定的目的地從賣(mài)家轉(zhuǎn)移到買(mǎi)家。
most of the time, this named place would be somewhere near the buyer’s warehouse or even the buyer’s warehouse itself. 大多數(shù)情況下，這個(gè)指定地點(diǎn)會(huì)在買(mǎi)家的倉(cāng)庫(kù)附近，甚至就是買(mǎi)家的倉(cāng)庫(kù)。
nonetheless, under dap the buyer still has to arrange for import clearance, which means in most cases that the buyer would be the importer of record.然而，在dap下，買(mǎi)家仍然需要安排進(jìn)口清關(guān)，這意味著在大多數(shù)情況下，買(mǎi)家將成為記錄上的進(jìn)口商。
loading/unloading responsibility 裝載/卸載責(zé)任
under the dap terms, the seller is not responsible for unloading the cargo at the place of destination. 在dap條款下，賣(mài)家不負(fù)責(zé)在目的地卸貨。
this is a major issue that many buyers and sellers overlook when dealing on dap erms.這可能是許多買(mǎi)家和賣(mài)家在dap條款交易時(shí)忽視的一個(gè)重大問(wèn)題。
although in many cases this might not be a problem, it would become a hassle if the cargo is not easily unloaded or it is delivered to an inconvenient place.雖然在許多情況下這可能不是問(wèn)題，但如果貨物不容易卸載或者被送到一個(gè)不方便的地方，就會(huì)變得麻煩。
case study 案例研究
for example, if a buyer orders large and heavy equipment like a tunneling drill from a seller that needs to be delivered to a work site, there is a possibility that the work site will not be equipped to unload the tunneling drill from the conveyance that brings it to the work-site.
例如，如果買(mǎi)家從賣(mài)家那里訂購(gòu)了像隧道鉆機(jī)這樣的大型重型設(shè)備，需要送到工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，那么工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可能沒(méi)有裝備來(lái)從運(yùn)輸工具上卸下隧道鉆機(jī)。
in this case, the buyer would have failed to take delivery and be liable for any charges incurred. 在這種情況下，買(mǎi)家將無(wú)法接收貨物，并需要負(fù)責(zé)任何產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。
for example, if the buyer now takes 2 weeks to arrange for a crane and manpower to access the work site just to unload the item from the low-bed truck that brought the item there, the buyer would have to pay for all charges incurred. 例如，如果買(mǎi)家現(xiàn)在需要花兩周時(shí)間安排起重機(jī)和人力到工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，只是為了從低平板卡車(chē)上卸下貨物，買(mǎi)家將不得不支付所有產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。
if the daily rate of holding the low-bed was not agreed upon in advance, the buyer would be at the mercy of the low-bed operator who could effectively choose to hold the item until whatever rate they deem to be fair is paid upfront!如果沒(méi)有提前約定低平板卡車(chē)的每日持有費(fèi)用，買(mǎi)家將完全受制于低平板卡車(chē)操作員，他們可以選擇持有貨物，直到他們認(rèn)為公平的費(fèi)用被預(yù)先支付!
conclusion結(jié)論
such risks are not limited only to the dap incoterm.
這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并不僅限于dap incoterm。
using any incoterm without fully understanding the roles and responsibilities between buyer and seller can result in unexpected charges and delays. 如果在沒(méi)有完全理解買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的角色和責(zé)任的情況下使用任何incoterm，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致意外的費(fèi)用和延誤。
in worst-case situations, cargo could also get abandoned to customs authorities. 在最糟糕的情況下，貨物也可能被遺棄給海關(guān)當(dāng)局。
hence, it is important for both buyers and sellers to study the incoterms that they choose to deal with before executing any shipment.因此，在執(zhí)行任何貨物運(yùn)輸之前，買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方都有必要研究他們選擇處理的incoterms。